NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a critical coenzyme present in all living cells, playing an essential role in metabolic processes and cellular function. It facilitates redox reactions by cycling between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms, enabling electron transfer vital for energy production and sustaining life. Involved in over 500 enzymatic reactions, NAD+ is fundamental to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Studies suggest that NAD+ may enhance muscle function, protect nervous system cells, and mitigate the effects of aging.

Beyond its role in energy metabolism, NAD+ is crucial for DNA repair and gene regulation. It serves as a substrate for enzymes like sirtuins and PARPs, which are essential for cellular health. Sirtuins regulate processes such as DNA repair, gene expression, and aging, while PARPs repair DNA damage and ensure genomic stability. These functions highlight NAD+’s pivotal role in preserving cellular integrity and combating the effects of aging.